Acne in adults: causes, treatment and proper care

Acne is a skin condition that affects more and more adults. This relatively common skin problem can, even in its mildest forms, have consequences not only on the skin but also on daily life, more precisely on self-confidence. In this article, we will explore the distinct causes and symptoms of adult acne, as well as various treatment methods and care for affected skin.

Table of Contents

Causes of adult acne

Hormonal fluctuations are a major cause of acne in adolescents. For adults, the causes of acne are not limited to hormonal context, and a good understanding of the factors that can contribute to the appearance of this condition is important for establishing effective treatment. The main causes of adult acne are:

• overstimulation of sebaceous glands by androgen hormones, which leads to seborrhea (increased sebum production);
• filling of hair follicles with sebum and dead cells;
• aggressive proliferation of the bacterium Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes), due to excess sebum, which causes inflammation in the skin.

In addition, adult acne can be favored by certain factors such as:

• hormonal fluctuations – these refer, in particular, to those associated with the menstrual cycle in women, pregnancy, menopause, and other such imbalances. In addition, chronic stress can worsen acne by stimulating the production of stress hormones;
• genetic inheritance – genetic predisposition to acne can persist into adulthood. If parents had acne problems, there is an increased probability that, in the absence of a suitable body and skin care routine, their adult offspring will face this condition;
• inappropriate or lack of skin care – certain skin care products, for example, aggressive cleansing products or overly dense creams, can block pores and trigger acne;
• diet – certain foods, such as those rich in carbohydrates and dairy products, can trigger skin eruptions in some adults, worsening acne by maintaining inflammation;
• medications – certain treatments, such as those with corticosteroids, vitamin B12, or contraceptives, can trigger or worsen acne;
• pollutants – daily exposure to environmental pollutants can also play a role in the appearance or worsening of adult acne.

Adult acne shows certain differences depending on gender. Thus, in women, it develops mainly in the lower area of the face and on the neck, and the lesions are mostly inflammatory (pimples), while in men, acne develops mainly on the back and forehead.

Symptoms of adult acne

In adulthood, acne symptoms can vary depending on its type and how severe the condition is. The affected skin is oily and has non-inflammatory lesions (retentional acne) or inflammatory lesions (inflammatory acne), as follows:

• Pimples and papules – these are common lesions of adult acne. Papules are small reddish or pinkish bumps visible on the skin's surface, while pustules are red at the base and have pus at the tip. They can be painful and frequently appear on the face, back, and chest;
• Blackheads and whiteheads – called comedones, these are non-inflammatory lesions that occur due to obstructed sebaceous glands. Blackheads form in open pores exposed to the air, while whiteheads are closed and develop under the skin's surface;
• Cysts and nodules – these are symptoms of more severe forms of adult acne. They are deeper lesions (pimples under the skin), painful, and can cause permanent scars if not treated properly.

One aspect to remember is that certain inflammatory conditions, for example, rosacea or erythrosis-couperose, can be confused with acne because they have skin eruptions among their symptoms. The dermatologist is the only one who can make a correct diagnosis for personalized treatment.

How to manage adult acne

Managing adult acne involves a multi-faceted approach, from lifestyle changes to proper skin care and, from case to case, medication or various therapies recommended by the dermatologist.

Acne treatments

Treatments for adult acne are similar to those recommended for adolescents, with some minor specificities. However, adult acne can be more complicated to treat than adolescent acne. Topical medications, such as retinoids or benzoyl peroxide, can be prescribed by the dermatologist to reduce inflammation, eliminate bacteria, and stimulate skin cell regeneration affected by acne.

On the other hand, oral antibiotics appear to be less effective, and doctors frequently prescribe hormonal treatment that includes adapted contraception and anti-androgenic medication. Also, dermatological procedures such as laser therapies and chemical peels can be used to treat more severe forms of acne and to reduce the appearance of scars.

An alternative to drug treatment can be the use of food supplements specially formulated for skin nourishment at the cellular level and the reduction of inflammation. Their ingredients usually have an anti-inflammatory regulatory role, significantly preventing the signs and symptoms of acne.

Acne skin care

Choosing skin care products adapted to your skin type is very important. These should not contain harsh substances, be moisturizing, non-comedogenic (not block pores), and help regulate sebum levels so as not to worsen acne. Your skin care routine should promote rapid recovery and reduce the risk of scarring. Here's what steps you need to follow:

• Cleanse your skin morning and evening with a gentle product, such as Ivapur Purifying Cleansing Gel, which removes excess sebum, dead cells, and impurities without irritating the skin. Cleansing products based on detergents, foaming antiseptics, or solutions containing alcohol should be avoided. For combination or oily skin with acne tendencies, for better absorption of the care cream, you can use Ivapur Gentle Purifying Exfoliant, which removes dead cells without irritating or sensitizing the skin.
• Use a targeted serum. This may contain salicylic acid, which unclogs pores, stimulates cell regeneration, regulates sebum levels, and combats inflammation, niacinamide, with soothing properties, or retinol, which can improve post-acne scars.
• Apply a lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturizing cream, such as Ivapur Hidra Moisturizing Cream for skin fragile from anti-acne treatments. Contrary to a common misconception, acne-prone skin also needs hydration, and such a cream combats dryness without blocking pores.

Ivapur K Cream for oily skin with acne tendency – seboregulatory and keratoregulatory. The cream can be used daily for the physiological balance of oily skin, also acting on the germs involved in acne.

• For oily skin with severe imperfections, you can apply Ivapur A.I. Akne-Syt Anti-imperfection Cream on problem areas. It contains bakuchiol, an innovative ingredient of natural origin that has the efficacy of topical retinoids without their side effects.
• To reduce shine, include Ivapur Mat Mattifying Cream in your care routine. With a non-greasy formula, it regulates excess sebum and gives the skin a smooth and fine appearance.
• Use a sunscreen product, regardless of the weather. Certain medications used to treat acne can make the skin more sensitive to the sun.

Ivapur Anti-shine Fluid with SPF 50+ – a sunscreen product specially designed for oily skin with acne tendencies. It has a matte effect and does not weigh down the skin, reduces spots, and improves the appearance of scars.

• Using Herculane Thermal Water Spray as needed can help soothe and reduce redness and discomfort while hydrating the skin.

Last but not least, it is important to pay special attention to the choice of makeup products, as these can aggravate acne lesions. Choose non-comedogenic makeup products to avoid blocking pores.

Lifestyle changes

Certain healthy lifestyle habits, such as stress reduction, a balanced diet free of inflammatory foods, and quality sleep, can contribute to improving overall skin health.

Balanced diet

A balanced, varied diet rich in fruits, vegetables, healthy fats, and proteins can support skin health from within. Also, certain food supplements, such as those containing zinc, vitamin A and vitamin E, can have beneficial effects on acne-affected skin. However, it is recommended to consult a specialist before taking food supplements to avoid unwanted side effects.

Avoiding destructive behaviors for the skin

Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can negatively affect skin health. Smoking reduces blood circulation, which carries nutrients and oxygen to the skin, while alcohol can dehydrate it, contributing to the worsening of acne. It is also important to avoid touching, squeezing, or pressing pimples, as this can worsen inflammation and lead to scar formation.

Stress management therapies

Given that stress can play a major role in triggering or aggravating adult acne, managing it is very important. Relaxation techniques, such as meditation and yoga, can help reduce stress and improve skin health. Incorporating physical activities into daily routine can significantly contribute to stress reduction by stimulating the endogenous production of endorphins, such as dopamine or serotonin.

Regular dermatological consultations

These are important for adapting the treatment plan according to the evolution of the skin's condition. The dermatologist can recommend additional medications or procedures, depending on the severity of the condition.

Adult acne can only be managed through a complex approach, from an adequate treatment plan recommended by a specialist to proper skin care. Remember that everyone is unique and it is important to find an approach that best suits your skin and your lifestyle.